New Florida Drone Law Cracks Down on Contraband and Critical Infrastructure Risks

Florida’s new drone law took effect on October 1, 2025, ushering in stronger state oversight of unmanned aircraft systems and introducing some of the toughest penalties in the nation for drone misuse.

The legislation — House Bill 1121, sponsored by Representative Jennifer Canady and carried in the Senate by Senator Truenow — passed unanimously in both chambers and was signed by Governor Ron DeSantis on May 16, 2025. It expands definitions, updates penalties, and closes loopholes in Florida’s existing drone statutes. The goal is to strengthen public safety, secure critical infrastructure, and prevent criminal use of drone technology.

Why Florida Strengthened Its Drone Laws

Rep. Canady said she filed the bill after Georgia’s Operation Skyhawk in 2024 exposed a massive drone-based contraband network targeting state prisons. The sting led to 150 arrests and the recovery of drugs, weapons, and cell phones smuggled via drones.

“Florida needs to be forward thinking in the oversight of technology that can be used for harm,” Canady said when introducing the bill. She explained that HB 1121 gives Florida the ability to stop drone misuse before it becomes a widespread problem.

Expanded Definition of Critical Infrastructure

One of the biggest changes is a broader definition of what qualifies as “critical infrastructure.” The list now includes airports, correctional institutions, dams, telecommunications hubs, and military installations.

Flying a drone near or over these sites without Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) authorization can now trigger criminal penalties. The law also bans drones that are modified to disable identification systems or equipped with explosives or surveillance equipment intended for illegal activity.

What’s New in the Law

Under HB 1121, penalties are tougher than ever. Individuals who use drones to smuggle contraband, spy on restricted areas, or endanger public safety could face felony-level charges. The law specifically targets activities such as delivering drugs to prisons or conducting unauthorized surveillance over protected sites.

The measure also creates exceptions for law enforcement, first responders, and other authorized personnel. Emergency services can continue using drones for disaster response, search and rescue missions, and public safety monitoring.

What Didn’t Make It Into the Final Bill

A Senate version of the proposal originally included a clause allowing private property owners to use “reasonable force” to disable drones flying below 500 feet over their land. That provision was ultimately removed from the final legislation.

What This Means for Drone Operators

The new law doesn’t outlaw recreational or commercial drone use, but it does require pilots to be more aware of where they fly and what their aircraft are equipped with. Operators should review FAA rules and Florida’s updated statutes to avoid unintentionally violating state law.

Representative Danny Alvarez, chair of the Criminal Justice Subcommittee, said the Legislature acted early to stay ahead of potential risks. “Many times, we are criticized for not reacting in time and allowing technology to surpass us,” Alvarez said. “This law demonstrates that Florida is ahead of the curve.”

Balancing Technology and Safety

Supporters say the law strikes a balance between innovation and oversight. Programs like the Miami Police Department’s First Response Drone Program show how regulated drone use can enhance safety by providing real-time aerial data during emergencies. At the same time, HB 1121 ensures drones can’t be weaponized or used for surveillance without authorization.

With the law now in effect, Florida joins other states in tightening control over unmanned aircraft systems. The intent is clear — to protect the public, prevent criminal activity, and ensure that drone technology serves as a tool for safety, not harm.